Since childhood, the characters from Krylov’s works have been walking with us through life. The moral of Krylov’s fable, any of them, often helps us understand life situations and draw the right conclusions in difficult situations. We have been reading the fable as such since our early school years! And in our memory we store these vivid images that come to mind when a “stalemate” situation arises. Let's say the moral of Krylov's fable helps us live! And we never cease to be amazed at the insight of the author of the works.
Then I will remember Moska barking at the Elephant, trying in vain to give the impression of being fearless and brave. And many believe!
Then before your eyes is a Monkey, mocking itself, not recognizing its image in the mirror.
Then the Wolf explains to the Lamb that, they say, he is to blame for everything only because the Wolf wants to eat...
Then the Monkey (and this is especially true these days!), not knowing the value of the points, breaks them on a stone!
All these are Krylov’s well-known fables. The moral of each of them, as a rule, lies in several pithy words or phrases rhymed by the author for greater memorization. Yes, every moral of Krylov’s fable has long ago turned into a “catchphrase,” as we used to call it! Krylov's word is sharp!
Some critics say that Ivan Krylov did not write for children at all, and the true meaning of his fables is not clear to children. But the moral of Krylov’s fable, almost every one, is written out so clearly that it is understandable to everyone, even a child! And as soon as we hear: “... the moral of this fable is...” - Krylov is implied instantly!
Let’s compare it with the works of the famous Greek writer - Aesop (from whom this expression “Aesopian language”, the language of allegory, came). Compared to the fables of Aesop, who lived in the sixth century BC, Ivan Krylov's fables have different characters. And also Krylov’s plots are masterfully rhymed, have meaningful phrases, and are clearly remembered by readers. For example, “The Ant and the Beetle” by Aesop and “Dragonfly and the Ant” by Krylov.
So what do these works have in common and how do they differ?
General plot. The characters also resonate with each other. But in Aesop, the Beetle will sympathize with the Ant, and the Ant, in turn, limits himself to only uttering a reproach: “If you worked, you would not sit without food.” The position of the Russian fabulist is much harsher in relation to slackers and parasites: “so go and dance!”
The Dragonfly and the Beetle are somewhat similar (probably because both are insects!), but their behavior in both cases determines the Ant’s reaction. In the case of Aesop, this is a softer moral teaching, rather a wish that implies sympathy. And in the case of Krylov, we see a direct reproach and a desire to “go and dance” without any visible sympathy for the Dragonfly, who suffered from the elements.
In addition, with Krylov, rhyme helps the development of the plot - and this way the fable is better remembered by ear! Krylov is inclined to use national images, to tie the plot of the fable to “national realities”, and this makes the narrative even brighter, even more significant.
Creative group of students of 5 "A" class of MBU secondary school No. "31" in Togliatti
In the process of working on the project, we carefully studied fables and put forward a hypothesis: “Is it always possible to find a moral in a fable?” It was confirmed through careful study. It was very interesting to look for information in other sources. Reading the fables of the great fabulist, you are once again convinced that many of the characters remind us of us and our friends...
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Does a fable always have a moral? Presentation of the project by 5th grade students, MBU secondary school No. 31. Project leader: literature teacher Nastina Svetlana Vladimirovna
Relevance Krylov's fables are beautiful because each person sees their own morality in them. Krylov is amazingly able to beat vices.
Goals, objectives 1 Find the definition of the word “MORAL”, determine the meaning and place of morality in the fable. 2. Learn to understand the meaning of I. A. Krylov’s fable; show that an entertaining fable plot, the heroes of which are often animals, serves as the basis for a lesson addressed to people; Objectives: - determine the structure of the fable, practice expressive reading skills; - develop intelligence, the ability to draw conclusions; - awaken good feelings; cultivate high moral qualities. -characterize the structures of the fable; -explain the concept of morality; -identify the features of the fable in terms of the use of morality and allegory
Hypothesis In our opinion, there is always a moral hidden in a fable....
Object of study Morals in fables are deep, we learn to understand moral values... The moral of this fable is...
Research methods - Search for information - Analysis and evaluation of the information received - Reading, analysis and comparison of Krylov's fables - Search for illustrative materials - Dramatization of fables - Search for interesting materials for composing questions for the quiz “Who has not heard his living word?”
Progress of work Using a dictionary of literary terms, the meaning of the word “morality” was determined. While reading, they researched, analyzed and found out which lines contained folk wisdom, cunning of the mind, an apt living word, that is, the morality in Krylov’s fables. Creating a “piggy bank of apt words and expressions”
Our results We hypothesized that there is always a moral hidden in a fable. Our hypothesis was confirmed through a thorough study of the fables and a comparison of some of them. We saw that fables certainly contain morality, that is, moral teaching. She teaches us to understand what is right and what is wrong.
Conclusions Thus, during the course of the study, our group found out that “MORAL” is an instructive meaning or moral teaching, a sharp living word. We established and came to the conclusion that morality is “hidden” in any fable, usually at the beginning or middle, and more often at the end of the text. The characters are usually not people, but animals, plants, things. It was the animals that Krylov endowed with human qualities in his fables. You read Krylov’s fables - and many of the characters remind us of our friends, and current events repeat long-known situations from his works. Therefore, Krylov’s fable world is relevant in the modern world.
It is a work in verse or prose that is satirical in nature. Any fable begins or ends with moralizing phrases, which in literary circles are usually called morality. The main characters of such works are people, birds, animals, plants, and inanimate objects.
Aesop, who lived in Ancient Greece in the 6th-5th centuries, is considered the first fabulist. BC e. Among the Romans, Phaedrus (1st century AD) was a famous author of satirical works. The 17th century gave France and the whole world the talented fabulist Jean de La Fontaine. In Russia, the most famous writer of moralizing poetic works was Ivan Andreevich Krylov (1769-1844). The poet wrote 236 fables during his life, which were published in 9 collections during his time. In his satirical creations, Ivan Andreevich affected the whole of Russia: from ordinary men to nobles and the tsar. Some of Krylov's fables in their plots echo the works of Aesop and La Fontaine. There are also completely original stories in his work, the content of which has not been found anywhere before.
Every Russian person has known Ivan Krylov since childhood. His fables are written in accessible language using phraseological units, sayings and proverbs. Their stories are distinguished by the authenticity of what is happening and touch on topical topics. Greed, stupidity, vanity, hypocrisy, mental limitations and other human vices are presented in the poet’s works in the most unattractive form. Although the heroes of Krylov’s fables are mostly animals, the author always associated their images with people. His satire ridicules the idle nobles, judges, officials, bureaucrats who do their dirty deeds with impunity. Emperor Alexander I also suffered from Ivan Andreevich’s creativity: he is not presented in the best possible way in the image of the king of beasts, a lion, in the fables “The Motley Sheep” and “The Fish Dance.” In contrast to the nobility and rich people, Krylov sympathizes with the poor suffering from lawlessness and serfdom.
Krylov's fables are short satirical literary creations, distinguished by a fascinating plot, dynamism, realistic dialogues, and psychological authenticity of the characters. Some of his satires describe everyday scenes (“Merchant”, “Two Men”), others are allegories (“Wild Goats”), and others are pamphlets (“Pike”, “Motley Sheep”). Krylov also has stories in poetic form (“Mot and Swallow”). The uniqueness of the poet’s fables lies in the fact that, despite their advanced age, they have not lost their relevance today. And this is not surprising, because human vices do not change over time.
Everyone is familiar with the fable “Quartet”. Krylov was pushed into her consciousness by ignoramuses who mind their own business. The plot of the fable, written in 1811, is quite simple: a monkey, a bear, a donkey and a goat decide to organize a musical quartet. But no matter how hard they tried to play the instruments, no matter how many times they changed seats, they couldn’t do anything. The heroes of the fable did not take into account the most important thing: desire alone is not enough to become musicians. To do this, you also need to at least know notation and play instruments. The phrase of the nightingale, who became an accidental witness to the quartet’s unsuccessful attempts to play, contains the moral of the entire fable: no matter how they sit down, they still will not make musicians.
The fable “Quartet” by Krylov applies not only to would-be musicians. The poet in it expressed the idea that skill and talent are necessary in all endeavors that a person undertakes. Often people overestimate their abilities and take on impossible tasks, confident that they will succeed without knowledge or prior preparation. Vanity, self-confidence and boastfulness cover their eyes with a veil, and they do not want to understand one thing: any occupation needs to be learned, and this requires a long time and talent. In his work, the author openly laughs at fools and talkers whose words do not match their deeds. The heroes of the fable “Quartet” personify the author’s political figures of those times who lacked the professionalism to make the right decisions.
Considering Krylov’s fables, one cannot ignore his famous satirical creation “Swan, Crayfish and Pike” (1814). The plot of the work contains a subtle hint of the events taking place in Russia at that time - the indignation of the Russian people by the discord that reigned in the State Council. The fable begins with a short three-line edification, the meaning of which lies in a simple truth: if there is no agreement among friends, then no matter what they undertake, nothing will work out. It was in the introduction that Krylov expressed the moral of the fable. What follows is the story of how a pike, a crayfish and a swan harnessed themselves to a cart, but could not move it from its place, because each of them pulled it in their own direction. The fable is one of the poet's most famous creations; it became popular during his lifetime and remains so to this day. The last line of the fable, “and the cart is still there,” turned into a catchphrase, symbolizing the lack of unity in thoughts and actions, and the main characters of the poem became the heroes of numerous caricatures.
The modern school curriculum always includes Ivan Krylov. His fables are easy to understand and therefore understandable to children of all ages. The younger generation reads “The Crow and the Fox,” written by the author in 1807, with particular interest. The creation of Krylov’s work was inspired by the works of Aesop, Phaedrus, La Fontaine and other fabulists who had already used a similar plot with a fox and a crow. The summary of the fable is as follows: a crow somewhere took out a piece of cheese and flew up a tree to eat it. A fox running past liked the treat and wanted to lure it away from the bird. Sitting under a tree, the cheat began to ask the crow to sing, praising her vocal abilities in every possible way. The bird succumbed to the flattering speeches, croaked and the cheese fell out of its beak. The fox grabbed him and ran away. The moral of the fable sounds in its first lines: with the help of flattery a person will always achieve his goal.
The moral of Krylov's fables is clear to everyone. In the work “The Dragonfly and the Ant” its meaning is that those who do not think about tomorrow risk being left hungry, cold and without a roof over their head. Krylov glorifies hard work in his work and mocks carelessness, stupidity and laziness.
The moral of the fable “Monkey Glasses” is that people who do not understand the business they are taking on look funny. In the satirical work, the ignorant are ridiculed in the image of a monkey, and glasses are identified with knowledge. People who do not understand anything about science and take it up will only make others laugh with their stupidity.
Despite the fact that Krylov’s fables are short, they very clearly reflect the author’s attitude towards all kinds of human shortcomings. Oddly enough, after two centuries have passed since the poet’s works were written, nothing has changed in society, so they can still be used today as moralizing stories and the younger generation can be educated on them.
Moral in the fables of I.A. Krylova
Completed by a student of group 2
Krasnova Marina
Is morality a law or...?
And the casket simply opened.
... The mechanic is even more eager.
Sweated, sweated; but finally tired
I fell behind Chest
And I couldn’t figure out how to open it:
And the casket simply opened.
The moral of the fable “Larchik” is expressed in the opening quatrain:
It often happens to us
And work and wisdom to see there,
Where you just have to guess
Just get down to business
Crow and fox
How many times have they told the world that flattery is vile and harmful; but everything is of no use, and the flatterer will always find a corner in the heart.
Quartet
And you, friends, no matter how you sit down, you are not fit to be musicians.
Swan, crayfish and pike
When there is no agreement among the comrades, their business will not go well, and what will come out of it is nothing but torment.
Monkey and glasses
Unfortunately, this is what happens with people: no matter how useful a thing is, without knowing its value, the ignoramus tends to make his understanding of it worse: and if the ignorant knows more, he also drives it away.
Donkey and nightingale
God save us from such judges (it is absurd to judge without knowing the case, and even more so to take such judgments into account).
Dragonfly and ant
Did you sing everything? This is the thing: go ahead and dance!
The Wolf and the Lamb
The powerful always have the powerless to blame...
Wolf at the kennel
And I have long known your wolfish nature; Therefore, my custom is: There is no other way to make peace with wolves, than by skinning them.
Rooster and Pearl Seed The ignorant judge exactly like this: Anything they don’t understand is of no use to them.
Pig under the oak tree
The ignoramus, in his blindness, scolds science and learning and all scientific works, not feeling that he is tasting their fruits.
